The Tesla Model S revolutionized the electric vehicle market, offering impressive performance, range, and technology. However, not all Model S years are created equal. Understanding the evolution of the Model S, its features, and potential issues is crucial for making an informed purchase, especially when considering a used model. This guide will delve into the best and worst years for the Tesla Model S, providing the information you need to choose wisely.
Tesla Model S: Year by Year Breakdown
This table provides a comprehensive overview of the Tesla Model S across different model years, highlighting key improvements, potential issues, and overall desirability.
| Model Year | Key Improvements/Changes | Potential Issues/Things to Consider |
|---|---|---|
| 2012-2014 | Initial launch, revolutionary for its time. Free Supercharging for life (transferable to subsequent owners for some early models). Classic interior and exterior styling. | Early build quality issues (panel gaps, paint). Smaller battery packs compared to later models. Less advanced Autopilot features (if equipped). Potential for battery degradation due to age. Less sophisticated charging infrastructure compared to today. Air suspension issues were relatively common. Original MCU (Media Control Unit) is slower and lacks some features of later versions (can be upgraded). |
| 2015 | Minor cosmetic updates. Introduction of Dual Motor (D) models with all-wheel drive. Improved Autopilot hardware. | Still prone to some early build quality issues. Original MCU. Potential for battery degradation. Air suspension issues still present. Early versions of Autopilot are less refined than later iterations. |
| 2016 | Facelift with a redesigned front fascia (nose cone removal). HEPA air filtration system ("Bioweapon Defense Mode"). Improved battery pack options. | Early versions of the facelift may still have some minor build quality concerns. Original MCU. Potential for battery degradation. Air suspension issues continue to be a point to inspect. |
| 2017-2020 | Gradual improvements to battery range and performance. Enhanced Autopilot features. Introduction of Raven powertrain (Long Range Plus models with increased efficiency). Updated interior with improved materials. MCU (Media Control Unit) upgrade available for older models. | "Emmc Failure" on MCU1 units (pre-March 2018) can cause screen freezing and other issues. Air suspension issues, though less frequent than earlier models. Potential for wear and tear on high-mileage vehicles. Check for proper maintenance records. |
| 2021+ | Major interior and exterior redesign ("Plaid" models with tri-motor configuration). New "yoke" steering wheel (optional). Updated battery architecture. Faster charging speeds. No more radar sensors; relies solely on Tesla Vision. | Yoke steering wheel is controversial and not preferred by all drivers. Tesla Vision relies on cameras and can be affected by adverse weather conditions. Newer models are significantly more expensive. Some early adopters reported software glitches with the redesigned interface. Quality control concerns have been raised regarding fit and finish on some newer vehicles. |
Detailed Explanations
2012-2014 Model S: These were the pioneering years for the Model S. They offered a groundbreaking EV experience but came with early production challenges. The biggest draw for some is the potential for transferable free Supercharging, a significant cost-saving feature. However, be prepared for potentially higher maintenance costs due to the age of the vehicle, and thoroughly inspect the battery health.
2015 Model S: This year saw the introduction of Dual Motor (D) models, providing all-wheel-drive capability and improved performance. While still subject to some early production issues, it represented a step forward in terms of performance and handling. The Autopilot hardware also saw improvements.
2016 Model S: The 2016 facelift brought a more modern aesthetic with the removal of the nose cone. The addition of the HEPA air filtration system was a unique selling point. While improvements were made, it's still essential to inspect for potential issues common to earlier models.
2017-2020 Model S: These years represent a sweet spot for many buyers. They benefited from gradual improvements in battery technology, Autopilot capabilities, and interior materials. The introduction of the Raven powertrain in later years of this period offered increased efficiency and range. The availability of MCU upgrades for older models provides a way to modernize the infotainment system.
2021+ Model S: The redesigned Model S introduced a radical new interior and exterior, along with the high-performance Plaid variant. The updated battery architecture and faster charging speeds are significant advantages. However, the controversial yoke steering wheel and reliance on Tesla Vision are factors to consider. These models also command a higher price point.
Free Supercharging: Early Model S vehicles (primarily those produced before 2017) sometimes included transferable free Supercharging for the life of the car. This is a significant benefit and can save owners considerable money. However, verify the transferability with Tesla, as not all vehicles are eligible.
Build Quality Issues: Early Model S vehicles were known for having inconsistent build quality, including panel gaps, paint imperfections, and interior trim issues. These issues generally improved over time, but it's essential to thoroughly inspect any used Model S, especially those from 2012-2016.
Battery Degradation: Like all electric vehicles, Tesla Model S batteries degrade over time. The amount of degradation depends on factors such as age, mileage, charging habits, and climate. Ask for battery health reports and consider having the battery tested before purchasing a used Model S.
Autopilot Features: Tesla's Autopilot system has evolved significantly over the years. Early versions were less sophisticated and had fewer features than later iterations. If Autopilot is a priority, consider a newer model with Enhanced Autopilot or Full Self-Driving Capability (FSD). Keep in mind that FSD is a subscription service and may not transfer with the vehicle.
MCU (Media Control Unit): The original MCU in early Model S vehicles was significantly slower and less capable than later versions. It lacked features such as Netflix, YouTube, and more advanced navigation. Tesla offers an MCU upgrade for older models, which can dramatically improve the user experience. Be aware of the "Emmc Failure" issue on MCU1 units, which can cause the screen to freeze.
Raven Powertrain: Introduced in 2019, the Raven powertrain brought significant improvements to efficiency and range. Look for "Long Range Plus" models to benefit from this upgrade.
Tesla Vision: Starting in 2021, Tesla removed radar sensors and relied solely on cameras for Autopilot and safety features. This system, known as Tesla Vision, has advantages and disadvantages. It can be affected by adverse weather conditions, but Tesla claims it ultimately provides more accurate and reliable data.
Yoke Steering Wheel: The yoke steering wheel, introduced in the redesigned Model S, is a controversial feature. Some drivers find it sporty and modern, while others find it awkward and difficult to use, especially for low-speed maneuvers. Consider test driving a Model S with the yoke before making a purchase.
Air Suspension Issues: Early Model S vehicles were prone to air suspension issues, which could be costly to repair. While the air suspension system was improved over time, it's still a potential point of failure to inspect on older models. Listen for unusual noises and check for sagging or uneven ride height.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Which Model S year is the most reliable? Generally, the 2017-2020 model years are considered the most reliable, offering a good balance of features and improved build quality compared to earlier models.
- Is free Supercharging transferable? Some early Model S vehicles had transferable free Supercharging, but it's crucial to verify this with Tesla before purchasing.
- What is the MCU upgrade? The MCU upgrade replaces the original, slower Media Control Unit with a faster and more modern system, adding features like Netflix and YouTube.
- Is the Yoke steering wheel worth it? The yoke steering wheel is a matter of personal preference; test drive a Model S with the yoke to see if you like it.
- How much does battery degradation affect range? Battery degradation varies, but expect some reduction in range over time; ask for a battery health report before buying a used Model S.
Conclusion
Choosing the best year for a Tesla Model S depends on your individual needs and budget. For maximum value and a good balance of features and reliability, the 2017-2020 models are a solid choice. However, if you're looking for the latest technology and performance, the redesigned 2021+ models are worth considering, despite their higher price tag. Always thoroughly inspect any used Model S and research its history before making a purchase.